INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In the type 1 diabetes participants, the mean age was 37.4 ± 8.8 years (mean ± SD), with type 1 diabetes duration 22.9 ± 8.9 years, 60% male, BMI 26.3 ± 3.8 kg/m2, total daily insulin dose 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) units/kg/day (mean [IQR]) and HbA1c 7.5 ± 0.9% (Table 1).