In immature human intestinal xenografts and primary enterocyte cultures of NEC tissue, B. infantis- and L. acidophilus-conditioned media also increased anti-inflammatory mediators IL1R8 and TOLLIP, and reduced IL-6 and IL-8 protein concentrations in a TLR2- and TOLLIP-dependent fashion (Table 2) [188]. Here, CXCL8 is linked to necrotizing enterocolitis.