Moreover, pretreatment with the B. fragilis strain ZY-312PSA ameliorated NEC severity and intestinal injury caused by C. sakazakii infection by inhibiting pro-inflammatory TNF and IFN-γ and the inflammasome (NLRP3, caspases 1/3), while increasing the anti-inflammatory IL-10 [256]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and necrotizing enterocolitis.