Genetic analysis revealed multiple pathogenic variants of 14 genes, including SAMD9L, Ly96, REL, IRAK1, RBPJ, IL6ST, TNFAIP3, ITGA2B, ABCC2, AIRE, IL6R, JAZF1, IKZF3, and AFF3, in the group of SSc patients (Table 4). Here, IRAK1 is linked to systemic sclerosis.