TNF and Miyoshi myopathy: Further interactions of MM cells with BMM induce secretion of soluble growth factors and cytokines, including insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), B-cell activating factor (BAFF), a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) [11].