Exposure to phthalates (MEHHP) is a high risk factor for uterine smooth muscle tumor growth, and MEHHP can upregulate the expression of two prototypical targets of AhR, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, and activate the Trp-kyn-AhR pathway to reduce apoptosis to promote the survival of uterine smooth muscle tumor cells (Iizuka et al., 2022). Here, AHR is linked to smooth muscle tumor.