However, in a study of invasive breast cancer, it was noted that increased QPRT expression in invasive breast cancer promotes the migration and invasion of cancer cells through purinergic signaling (Liu et al., 2020), the mechanism of which may contribute to the development and progression of breast cancer through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and is correlated with poorer overall survival (Yan et al., 2023; Zhou et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and breast cancer.