There were 5,661 individuals with majority African ancestry meeting criteria for inclusion in the diabetes cohort with quality-controlled laboratory measurements drawn after the first documented diabetes diagnosis in the EHR (4,459 for HbA1c; 5,631 for glucose, with 4,429 overlapping between the two analyses), as well as genotyping for G6PD, which, as described above, is associated with diabetes complications. Here, G6PD is linked to diabetes mellitus.