NPPB and atrial fibrillation: Based on FTR subtypes, patients with vFTR (n = 70) showed significantly different clinical characteristics compared to those with no or aFTR (n = 236), including: longer AF duration, larger LAD, higher prevalence of heart failure, more frequent RA enlargement and amiodarone therapy, lower LVEF, higher LADI, more severe TR grade, elevated PA pressure, and increased NT-proBNP levels.