For example, in a study using a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI), an injectable alginate hydrogel loaded with AAV9-VEGF and conductive polyaniline nanorods enhanced angiogenesis, reduced oxidative stress, and restored cardiac function, demonstrating the potential of combined VEGF gene therapy and conductive biomaterials to promote heart repair after ischemic injury (120). Here, VEGFA is linked to myocardial infarction.