INS and Insulin resistance: The regulation of this miRNA likely depends on distinct metabolic variables, as suggested by its divergent responses under various insulin-related conditions: it was downregulated during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, upregulated in response to insulin plus intralipid infusion - a model known to exacerbate insulin resistance (16) - and remained unchanged following bedtime NPH insulin therapy in the present study, while it was upregulated exclusively after sitagliptin treatment.