Immunofluorescence co-localization with the tubular marker Lotus tetragonolobus lectin (LTL) further demonstrated that ACSL4 was abundantly expressed in the cytoplasm of renal tubular cells during IR-induced AKI, whereas its expression was reduced following HDAC4 inhibition or knockout (Fig. 5K, L). Here, HDAC4 is linked to acute kidney injury.