Queried mRNA expression of autophagy markers in primary human ACC samples revealed a differential upregulation of ULK1 (P<0.01) and downregulation of BECN1 (P<0.01), compared to normal adrenal, in two publicly available databases (GSE12368 and GSE75415, Supplementary Fig. 16), suggesting that autophagy is suppressed in these cohorts. This evidence concerns the gene ULK1 and adrenal cortex carcinoma.