In three of the GEO databases (GSE10927, GSE75415 and GSE12368), the cytosolic HSP90 (HSP90B1 and/or HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1) and their clients belonging to the PI3K family (AKT2) were significantly overexpressed (P < 0.01) in the ACC tissues (Fig. 1b, 1d, Supplementary Fig. 2) compared to the normal adrenal and adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) tissue samples, irrespective of tumor stage. Here, HSP90AB1 is linked to neoplasm.