Further, examination of the kynurenine aminotransferases (KATs) involved in synthesizing kynurenic acid, which acts as an endogenous inhibitor of the kynurenine pathway38, revealed that UTI females had higher expression of KAT II (Aadat) and III (Kyat3) in injured PT clusters, while UTI male mice had expression of KAT I (Kyat1) and II throughout the PT, with lower expression of KAT II and III compared to females (Extended Data Fig. 3c). The gene discussed is KYAT3; the disease is bacterial urinary tract infection.