IL1B and Alzheimer disease: Interestingly a recent study examining how APOE genotype modulates cell-type-specific transcriptomic changes in AD brains revealed that ε4 carriers feature the strongest upregulation of microglia specific genes and most of pro-inflammatory pathways, it also found ε2 carriers exhibit strong inflammatory response especially involving IL-6 and IL-1β pathways, which suggests a role of both alleles in promoting inflammatory response in the context of AD pathology [59].