RRM2 and renal cell carcinoma: New findings on the AKT pathway include: Xiong et al. (2021) reported that RRM2 stabilized ANXA1 to activate AKT signaling[32], while Liu et al. (2024) further demonstrated that IKBKE phosphorylates RRM2, leading to sustained AKT activation in sunitinib-resistant (SR) RCC cells[33].