Techniques for detecting bladder cancer based on urine DNA or RNA, such as the detection of mutations and methylation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), Vimentin (VIM), and One Cut Homeobox 2 (ONECUT2) genes, have become the focus of research. The gene discussed is FGFR3; the disease is urinary bladder carcinoma.