Tabrizian et al.’s multicenter cohort study (2022) identified key predictors of HCC recurrence and poor survival post-transplant, including elevated AFP levels (≥ 20 ng/mL), poor tumour necrosis as evidenced by large viable tumour size on explant pathology, and a high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR >5) at the time of transplantation [64]. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is neoplasm.