IL6 and cancer: Reported outcomes included respiratory function (e.g., forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)), cardiovascular indicators (e.g., blood pressure), cancer incidence, oral and metabolic health, psychological status, and biomarkers such as cotinine, NNAL, carbon monoxide, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [9-16,18,20-27].