CAT and irritable bowel syndrome: Oxidative stress, characterized by excessive ROS and reduced antioxidant defenses, has emerged as a key driver of neuronal dysfunction in chronic pain.29 Our data extend this concept to IBS, demonstrating elevated MDA levels and reduced SOD and CAT activities in the spinal cord of IBS rats, suggesting that oxidative stress may impair gut-brain axis communication through both neuronal and nonneuronal mechanisms.