m5C pathways (NSUN2–ALYREF) can stabilize growth factor and EGFR–STAT3 transcripts and have been linked to pro-tumor signaling and immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma; whether these changes directly rewire tumor angiogenesis or cytokine secretion in vivo at scale is still being clarified. Here, NSUN2 is linked to neoplasm.