TNF and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In contrast to GCF, salivary levels of TNFα and IFNγ were significantly increased in T1DM subjects (F (1, 97) = 22.75 and p < 0.0001 for TNFα and F (1, 76) = 8.092 and p = 0.006 for IFNγ; Figures 3B, C).