IL-2, IL-4, and IL-12p70 levels were reduced in T1DM patients across all periodontal statuses compared to controls, suggesting that early immune responses may be dominated by innate cells (e.g., monocytes, neutrophils) rather than established Th1 polarization, possibly driven by IL-8 or MCP-1. Here, IL2 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.