ESR2 and osteoporosis: 33Both medicarpin and its derivativeshave shown the ability to suppress osteoclastogenesis, supportingtheir potential in maintaining bone homeostasis by simultaneouslypromoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. Furthermore, medicarpin has exhibited anti-inflammatoryand apoptosis-inhibiting effects, andhas been found to regulate immune responses by mitigating TNF-α-inducedT cell senescence. Its selective activationof estrogen receptor β (ERβ) with minimal estrogenic effectsin nonskeletal tissues suggests its potential as a therapeutic agentfor osteoporosis.