FNDC5 and cardiovascular disorder: While several studies have shown reduced irisin levels, such as myocardial damage associated with severe hypothyroidism (38), cardiovascular diseases (39), and rheumatoid arthritis (40), which align with our findings, other research has indicated elevated irisin levels (8) as a comenstary mechanisim to inflammation however despite variations in study outcomes, a prevailing hypothesis reduced irisin levels in persons with inflammatory metabolic disorders.