IRF3 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Figure 11 provides a hypothetical representation of the proposed mechanism of action of nootkatone. A recent study by Cui et al. (72) demonstrated that nootkatone protects against LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway in alveolar macrophages, highlighting its role in modulating upstream innate immune signaling within a specific cell population.