CD38 and acute kidney injury: Additionally, we identified niches associated with pathology: injured proximal tubular regions were marked by the expression of markers like HAVCR1 (encoding Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1)) and SOX9 in addition to the proximal tubule transcriptional signature, as has been extensively studied in the context of AKI.24–27 Immune niches contained different immune cells subsets; generally, we identified high levels of IFN-y induced transcripts like SLAMF7, CD38 and CXCL9.