VCAM1 and cancer: The HBEC-5i cells also exhibit high-abundance expression of key proteins that are critical to the establishment of cancer cells in the TME, such as adhesion (CDH5, VCAM1/CD106, ICAM1/CD54), transport (ABC transporters), and tight junction (CLDN5, OCLN) proteins, as well as receptors critical to modulating immune and inflammatory responses (TNF receptor CD40) (ATCC, n.d.).