CXCL8 and CXCL1 - secreted by all cells, and CXCL12 - identified only in the HBEC-5i secretome, are known drivers of metastasis by promoting tumor cell motility, adhesion and invasion (Shen et al., 2022, p. 2; Zielińska & Katanaev, 2020). Here, CXCL12 is linked to neoplasm.