TGFB1 and cancer: Angiogenic factors secreted by cancer cells (e.g., VEGFs, PDGFs, TGFB1) have been shown to interact with VEGFRs, PDGFRs, Endoglin (ENG), Neuropilin1 (NRP1), and integrin receptors on endothelial cells to activate signaling pathways that promote sprouting angiogenesis and endothelial vasculature in the TME (GeneCards - Human Genes | Gene Database | Gene Search, n.d.).