Kidney failure (CKD stage G5, i.e., estimated glomerular filtration rate < 15 ml/min per 1.73 m2) before the age of 16 years occurred in 4 of 5 patients (80%) with PAX2 LOF variants who are currently ≥ 15 years (Table 2 and Figure 3b). This evidence concerns the gene PAX2 and kidney failure.