Melo and his team discovered that identifying glypican-1 in EVs among pancreatic cancer (PC) patients showed perfect sensitivity and specificity (100%) in diagnosing all stages of PC, effectively differentiating pancreatic cancer patients from healthy individuals or those with chronic pancreatitis (AUC = 1.0) (Melo et al., 2015). Here, GPC1 is linked to pachyonychia congenita.