In oral squamous cell carcinoma, NLRP3 can accelerate tumor growth and metastasis, and many factors including K+ efflux, intracellular calcium, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ROS can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome (Wang H. et al., 2018), including bitter melon-derived PDEVs. Here, NLRP3 is linked to oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.