IFNG and neoplasm: This is because miR-18a-containing PDEVs promoted increased activity of M1 macrophages, enhancing secretion of IFNγ and IL-12 and inhibiting release of TGFβ and IL-10 by M2 cells, thereby stimulating and recruiting natural killer cells and T cells to the tumor site and reducing distant metastasis of tumor cells (Wang et al., 2015).