CXCL1 and infection: Specifically, infection with GBS resulted in a statistically significant increase in GRO-α, IL-6, and MIP-1α cytokine production in response to GB112 infection in gestational membranes, as well as in both the maternal and fetal chambers of the organ-on-a-chip model, compared to uninfected samples, as determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (Fig. 2).