Ex vivo infection of human gestational membranes with GB112 resulted in significantly elevated production of IL-15, M-CSF, MCP-3, and MIP-1β—results that were not seen in either the maternal or fetal chamber of the organ-on-a-chip model, as determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (Fig. 8). The gene discussed is CCL4; the disease is infection.