Disruption of these rhythms—for example by modern living standards and shift work—is known to be a risk factor for metabolic disorders, including impaired insulin secretion, abnormal glucose tolerance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) (Andriessen et al., 2021; Boivin et al., 2022; Hastings et al., 2003). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.