Although VCP mutations were not linked to parkinsonism (due to lack of pathogenic variants) in a large cohort of patients [434], reduced VCP expression is observed in a small cohort of PD patients and in the N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/MPTP mouse model of PD [435]. Here, VCP is linked to Parkinsonism.