To further confirm the role of PTPN9 in mediating surufatinib resistance, we established an orthotopic CCA model in C57BL/6 mice using PTPN9 overexpressed or knocked down LD1 murine CCA cell line and treated with surufatinib by intragastric administration (Fig. S1C). This evidence concerns the gene PTPN9 and cholangiocarcinoma.