Tumor growth was further enhanced in the CAF-oeIGF1 group, while both CAF-sgIGF1 and CAF + α-IGF1 nAb groups showed significantly reduced tumor sizes compared to CAF + oeIGF1 group (Fig. 6I, J), indicating a tumor-promoting function of CAF-derived IGF1. Here, IGF1 is linked to neoplasm.