Certain HDAC isoforms, such as HDAC3, 4, 6, 8 and 9, are upregulated in injured kidneys and contribute to renal fibrosis (Chen et al. 2020; Pang et al. 2009; Shen and Zhuang 2022; Zhang et al. 2020). This evidence concerns the gene HDAC3 and renal fibrosis.