TOPBP1 and carcinoma: The highest variant frequencies in adenomas and carcinomas were observed in MSH6 (two different frameshift variants and one missense variant in 50% of patients – 5/6 tumors and 1/6 adenomas), TOPBP1 (five different missense variants in 42% of patients – 2/6 tumors and 3/6 adenomas), and NEIL1 (one frameshift variant, three different missense variants, and one splice acceptor variant in 42% of patients – 2/6 tumors and 3/6 adenomas), see Additional Table 8.