Notably, among the highly differentiated genes in Valle del Belice, we also identified CXCL10, which encodes chemokines involved in various infections and infestations (Gangur et al. 2002; Andronicos et al. 2010; Estrada-Reyes et al. 2022; Pooley et al. 2023; Luo et al. 2024; Shi et al. 2024). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL10 and infection.