Therefore, organizations such as the American Society of Clinical Oncology, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend assessing the risk of FN in advance of chemotherapy and using primary prophylactic G-CSF when the overall FN risk is approximately 20%, as well as considering prophylaxis in the 10%–20% range when adverse patient factors are present (e.g., age ≥ 65 years, poor PS, or prior FN) [14, 19, 20]. Here, CSF3 is linked to cancer.