Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that specific TNF gene promoter variants can be associated with an increased risk of developing malignancy, including gastric cancer (rs1799724 [TNF-857] and rs1799964 [TNF-1031])29 or breast cancer (rs1800629 [TNF-308])30, but even in assessing prognosis, e.g. rs361525 in colorectal cancer31. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and breast cancer.