CHAC1 and cancer: However, these 7 downregulated genes (HS3ST1, LFNG, KRT23, GJB4, CASC19, NCOA5 and SPNS3) and 3 upregulated genes (CHAC1, HHEX and POU6F1) were not differentially regulated by COS in CNE2 cells or by CUS in 5–8F cells, which means that, except 3 common regulated genes (HMOX1, DDIT3 and MUC1), each anticancer cephalosporin antibiotic has its own unique targeted genes in different cancers.