In contrast, diabetes was associated with higher concentrations of NfL (d = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07-0.30; P = .04), and high cholesterol was associated with lower concentrations of pTau-181 (d = −0.18; 95% CI, −0.25 to −0.10; P = .01) with FDR adjustment. The gene discussed is NEFL; the disease is diabetes mellitus.