Various cancer types, including BC (Finetti et al., 2014), bladder cancer (Zhang W. et al., 2024), esophageal carcinoma (Liu et al., 2021), gastric cancer (Zhang B. et al., 2024), liver cancer (Song et al., 2022), lung cancer (Nie et al., 2022), and endometrial cancer (Yang et al., 2024), exhibit elevated ESPL1 expression. This evidence concerns the gene ESPL1 and liver cancer.