PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: The AK104–202 study (NCT04172454) found that cadonilimab (a bispecific antibody targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4) did not significantly improve OS in ICI-resistant NSCLC patients; however, OS was markedly longer in the acquired resistance group (13.1 months) compared with the primary resistance group (4.9 months), underscoring the importance of distinguishing primary from acquired resistance in future research (105).