Consistent with a role for Tpm3.1/3.2 in cancer progression, the proliferation, migration, invasion, expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, and in vivo tumor growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines are increased by Tpm3 overexpression and decreased by Tpm3 knockdown (55). Here, TPM3 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.