AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of a specific clinical strategy: the active integration of multiparametric data—specifically, quantifiable CEUS characteristics (e.g., hemodynamic perfusion patterns like “fast-in-fast-out”) and key serum biomarkers (e.g., AFP and DCP)—into the procedural planning and execution of CEUS-guided MWA for HCC.