AFP and neoplasm: This result may be closely related to the synergistic effect of complementary data types: real-time hemodynamic information from CEUS and quantitative biological activity from tumor markers: the real-time blood perfusion information provided by CEUS can accurately locate tumor boundaries and tiny satellite lesions, ensuring that the ablation range covers all lesions, while dynamic monitoring of serum markers (such as alpha-fetoprotein, abnormal prothrombin) can identify potential residual lesions at an early stage and guide supplementary ablation (16, 17).