Biochemical characterization reveals that OsSPL1 encodes a functional sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase involved in S1P catabolism (van Veldhoven and Mannaerts, 1991), and OsSPL1 negatively regulates disease resistance against pathogen infection while positively modulating PCD in rice, indicating its dual regulatory roles in immunity and cell death processes (Zhang et al., 2014). Here, SGPL1 is linked to infection.