INS and neoplasm: Proposed mechanisms include chronic low‐grade inflammation that recruits and activates effector immune cells, thereby enhancing antitumor immunity [16, 17], as well as obesity‐related metabolic disturbances—elevated serum insulin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), and adipokines—that may increase tumor immunogenicity and facilitate immune‐mediated tumor clearance [18, 19] (Figure 1).