Icariin can also reduce the co-localization of AβPP with the early endosome marker early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1), inhibit its entry into endosomes for cleavage by β/γ secretases to generate Aβ, thereby reducing Aβ production and improving cognitive impairment in AD mouse models (Chen X. et al., 2025). The gene discussed is APP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.