Notably, four immune subsets, NK subsets c4-ZEB2 and c10-NCR3, along with CD4+ Tems and CD8+ Teffs, exhibited concordant expansion patterns in an independent cohort of patients receiving anti-PD-L1-based immunochemotherapy, despite differences in tumor type and treatment modality, suggesting their generalizable features of effective combination immunotherapy. This evidence concerns the gene C4A and neoplasm.