For example, ulnar-mammary syndrome, which can affect limb, apocrine gland, tooth, genital and breast development in humans, is known to be caused by mutations to TBX3. Development of mouse mutants of Tbx3 have confirmed failure of mammary bud induction [48] and expression analysis in mouse embryos and creation of overexpression models point to roles for Tbx3 and Bmp4 in mammary line specification [38, 49]. This evidence concerns the gene TBX3 and ulnar-mammary syndrome.