As shown in Fig. 2D, elicited the activation of pyroptosis mediators (GSDMD, GSDME, and caspase-1), apoptosis mediators (caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3, and caspase-7), and necroptosis mediators (MLKL and RIPK3), robustly suggesting that ZIKV infection can activate almost all key molecules involved in pyroptotic, apoptotic, and necroptotic pathways in trophoblast cells, which are essential for PANoptosis to occur. Here, MLKL is linked to Zika virus infectious disease.