S100B and Mental deterioration: Consistent with the CSF S100β and leukocyte signals, non-HIV viral fragments may activate resident scavenger cells (astrocytes, microglia, macrophages), that serve as HIV reservoirs (Lutgen et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2023), and may modulate the inflammatory milieu, leukocyte trafficking, and immune-cell clonality, thereby influencing HIV reservoir dynamics in the CNS and cognitive decline.